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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


10.68 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences. In fact, to encourage you to make use of the Segmented Version, the audio for these sentences has been prepared using the segmented text.


1. ἡ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπέρχεται ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ὅτι ὁ προφήτης ἀποθνῄσκει.

The verb ἀπέρχεται is deponent, so the form is middle/passive, but it is translated as an active verb in English: is going.

2. οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀπέθνῃσκεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ αδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐδίδασκε τὸν λαὸν περί ἀγάπης.

Note the demonstrative phrase: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος. You can tell that ἀπέθνῃσκεν is past tense because of the ending ( ε ) and the epsilon augment in the stem (ἀπ-έθνῃσκ instead of ἀπο-θνῄσκ).

3. πρὸς θάνατον ἄγει ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠμέλλετε πορεύεσθαι ἐν αὐτῇ.

The verb πορεύεσθαι is deponent, so the form is middle/passive, but it is translated as an active verb in English: to go. Note that the subject (ὁδὸς) comes after the verb (ἄγει). Remember that ὁδὸς is a feminine noun, as shown here by the feminine definite article () and the feminine pronoun which refers back to ὁδὸς (αὐτῇ). The verb ἠμέλλετε takes a complementary infinitive: πορεύεσθαι. Normally nominative pronouns are not included in Greek, because you can already tell the subjects from the verbs themselves ( ἠμέλλετε is second person plural). In this sentence, however, there is a strong emphasis placed on ὑμεῖς. The nominative pronoun is used for emphasis, with the postpositive δὲ adding to that emphasis.

4. ὁ ἀπόστολος ἦγεν τὰ τέκνα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ εἰς τὴν ἔρημον.

You can tell that ἦγεν is past tense because of the ending ( ε ) and the lengthened augment in the stem (ἦγ instead of ἄγ).

5. συνῆγον οἱ μαθηταὶ οἱ πιστοὶ ἄρτους, οἰ δὲ ἄρτοι ἦσαν μικροὶ καὶ κακοί.

Note that the subject (μαθηταὶ) comes after the verb (συνῆγον). You can tell that συνῆγον is past tense because of the ending ( ον ) and the lengthened augment in the stem (συν-ἦγ instead of συν-ἄγ). Notice how the postpositive δὲ can be inserted inside a noun phrase (οἰ ἄρτοι). When you read this out loud, it needs to be treated as a single phrase: οἰ δὲ ἄρτοι. The verb ἦσαν is in the past tense.

6. ἤθελεν ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος ἀποκτείνειν τὸν δοῦλον αὐτοῦ, ἡ δὲ ἀδελφὴ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἤθελε σῴζειν αὐτόν.

Note that the subject (ἄνθρωπος) comes after the verb (ἤθελεν). You can tell that ἤθελεν is past tense because of the ending ( ε ) and the lengthened epsilon augment in the stem (ἤθελ instead of θελ). The verb ἤθελε takes a complementary infinitive: ἀποκτείνειν and σῴζειν. Notice how the postpositive δὲ can be inserted inside a noun phrase ( ἡ ἀδελφὴ). When you read this out loud, it needs to be treated as a single phrase: ἡ δὲ ἀδελφὴ.

7. ἡμεῖς ἀνεβαίνομεν πρὸς τὴν καλὴν γῆν, ὑμεῖς δὲ κατεβαίνετε παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν.

You can tell that ἀνεβαίνομεν is past tense of the epsilon augment in the stem (ἀν-εβαίν instead of ἀνα-βαίν). Normally nominative pronouns are not included in Greek, because you can already tell the subjects from the verbs themselves ( ἀνεβαίνομεν is first person plural, and κατεβαίνετε is second person plural). In this sentence, however, there is a strong opposition between ἡμεῖς on the one hand and ὑμεῖς on the other hand. The nominative pronouns are used to emphasize this contrast between "we" and "you," with the postpositive δὲ calling attention to that contrast.

8. ἐν τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ᾔρετε τὴν φωνὴν ὑμῶν πρὸς τὸν κύριον ζωῆς ὅτι ἐμέλλετε ἀποθνῄσκειν.

Note the demonstrative phrase: τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐκείνῃ. You can tell that ᾔρετε is past tense because of the lengthened augment in the stem (ᾔρ instead of αἴρ). You can tell that ἐμέλλετε is past tense because of the epsilon augment in the stem (ἐμέλλ instead of μέλλ). The verb ἐμέλλετε takes a complementary infinitive: ἀποθνῄσκειν.

9. οὗτοι οἱ ἁμαρτωλοί εἰσιν πονηροὶ, ἀλλὰ οὐκ ὀφείλομεν ἀποκτείνειν αὐτούς.

Note the demonstrative phrase: οὗτοι οἱ ἁμαρτωλοί. The verb ὀφείλομεν takes a complementary infinitive: ἀποκτείνειν.

10. αἴρεις τὸ πλοῖον παρὰ τοῦ ἀποστόλου ὅτι ὀφείλεις καταβαίνειν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.

The verb ὀφείλεις takes a complementary infinitive: καταβαίνειν.

11. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἀνέβαινες εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν μετὰ δώρων ταῖς ἐξουσίαις.

Note the demonstrative phrase: τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ. You can tell that ἀνέβαινες is past tense because of the ending ( ες ) and the epsilon augment in the stem (ἀν-έβαιν instead of ἀνα-βαίν). Note the meaning of ἐξουσίαις here not as some abstract power or authority, but authority as embodied in a person (just as we say "the authorities" in English).

12. ἀπέρχεσθε πρὸς ἄλλους θεούς, ὀφείλετε δὲ πιστεύειν εἰς τὸν θεὸν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

The verb ἀπέρχεσθε is deponent, so the form is middle/passive, but it is translated as an active verb in English: you are going away. The verb ὀφείλετε takes a complementary infinitive: πιστεύειν.

13. ὁ προφήτης συνάγει τὸν ὄχλον εἰς τὸν οἶκον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὑπὲρ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Note that the preposition here is ὑπὲρ plus the genitive, meaning "on behalf of".

14. ἐγὼ ἤμην ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἦτε ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.

Note that ἤμην and ἦτε are both past tense forms. Normally nominative pronouns are not included in Greek, because you can already tell the subjects from the verbs themselves ( ἤμην is first person singular, and ἦτε is second person plural). In this sentence, however, there is a strong opposition between ἐγὼ on the one hand and ὑμεῖς on the other hand. The nominative pronouns are used to emphasize this contrast between "I" and "you," with the postpositive δὲ calling attention to that contrast. Remember that ἐρήμῳ is a feminine noun, so it takes a feminine definite article, τῇ.


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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