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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


13.89 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences. In fact, to encourage you to make use of the Segmented Version, the audio for these sentences has been prepared using the segmented text.


1. τότε ὁ διδάσκαλος ἀπέλυσε τὸν ὄχλον καὶ ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ.

Note the aorist past tense verbs, ἀπέλυσε and ὑπέστρεψεν (with past tense augment).

2. ἐκεῖνοι οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐπέστρεψαν πρὸς τὸν κύριον, καὶ νῦν ἑτοιμάζει ἐν οὐρανοῖς τόπον αὐτοῖς.

Note the aorist past tense verb, ἐπέστρεψαν (with past tense augment). Notice also the demonstrative noun phrase, ἐκεῖνοι οἱ ἁμαρωλοὶ .

3. ἔθελον πείσαι τὴν ἀδελφὴν μου τὰ ἱμάτια τὰ καλὰ δέξασθαι, αὐτὴ δὲ οὐκ ἐπίστευσεν ὅτι δεὶ αὐτὰ δέξασθαι.

The verb ἔθελον is an imperfect past tense verb (with past tense augment). This verb is ambiguous in form because it could be first-person singular or third-person plural - from context, however, you can tell that it must be first-person in this sentence. The verb ἔθελον takes a complementary infinitive, πείσαι. This is an aorist infinitive (no augment, because infinitives do not have tense and therefore do not take augment). This infinitive πείσαι also takes a complementary infinitive of its own, δέξασθαι, another aorist infinitive (no augment). Remember that δέξασθαι is a deponent verb (middle forms, but active meaning), and in this sentence it is a transitive verb, taking an object, ἱμάτια (and in the second statement, αὐτὰ). The verb δεὶ also takes a complementary infinitive, δέξασθαι. Notice the braided noun phrase, τὰ ἱμάτια τὰ καλὰ. The verb πίστευσεν is aorist past tense (with past tense augment). The demonstrative αὐτὴ is used as a pronoun here, with ἀδελφὴν as its antecedent. Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

4. σὺ ἡτοίμασας ἄρτον τῷ ἀποστόλῳ, αὐτὸς δὲ ἤδη ἤσθιεν τὸν ἴδιον ἄρτον.

Normally a nominative first or second pronoun is not needed in Greek ( ἡτοίμασας already indicates the subject is second-person singular), so the word σὺ is used here for emphasis. Note the aorist past tense verb, ἡτοίμασας (with past tense augment). The verb ἤσθιεν is an imperfect past tense verb (with past tense augment). The word αὐτὸς is used as a pronoun in this sentence, with ἀποστόλῳ as its antecedent. Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

5. ἐπέμψατε τὰ τέκνα εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ἀποθνῄσκειν καὶ οὐκ ἐσώσατε αὐτά· τοῦτο ἔσται ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν.

Note the aorist past tense verbs, ἐπέμψατε and ἐσώσατε (with past tense augment). The verb ἔσται is a future deponent (with an active meaning, although the form is middle). The infinitive ἀποθνῄσκειν is used here to express purpose.

6. ἐγὼ ἔκραζον ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ μου, αὐτὴ δὲ ἔπεισέ με πορεύεσθαι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τῆς δικαιοσύνης.

Normally a nominative first or second pronoun is not needed in Greek ( ἔκραζον already indicates the subject is first-person singular), so the word ἐγὼ is used here for emphasis. Note the aorist past tense verb, ἔπεισέ. The enclitic form of the pronoun με causes a secondary stress to be added to the preceding verb (the main stress in ἔπεισέ is on the antepenultimate syllable, but there is a secondary stress added to the ultima). This verb ἔπεισέ is aorist past tense (with past tense augment), and it takes a complementary infinitive, πορεύεσθαι. Remember that the verb πορεύεσθαι is a deponent (with an active meaning in English, and taking middle forms in Greek). The verb ἔκραζον is an imperfect past tense verb (with past tense augment). The word αὐτὴ is used as a pronoun in this sentence, with ἁμαρτίᾳ as its antecedent. Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

7. ἠκούσατε τὸν λόγον τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἠνοίξατε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπεστρέψατε ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν.

Note the aorist past tense verbs, ἠκούσατε, ἠνοίξατε and ἐπεστρέψατε (with past tense augment)

8. ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ θανάτου ἔρχεται κρίνειν τὸν κόσμον, ἤδη δὲ κράζουσιν οἱ θρόνοι βασιλειῶν πονηρῶν.

The infinitive κρίνειν is used here to express purpose. The subject οἱ θρόνοι comes after its verb, κράζουσιν. Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement. Remember that the verb ἔρχεται is a deponent (with an active meaning in English, and taking middle forms in Greek).

9. οὐκ ἔχει προφήτης δόξαν ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ γῇ, ὁ δὲ κόσμος ὅλος λέγει κατὰ τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ ἀγγέλου τοῦ θεοῦ.

The subject προφήτης comes after its verb, ἔχει. Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position (breaking into the noun phrase, ὁ κόσμος), and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

10. οἱ μαθηταὶ οὐκ ἐδύναντο ἐκεῖ θεραπεῦσαι τὰ τέκνα ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν οἱ ὄχλοι.

The verb ἐδύναντο is an imperfect past tense verb (with past tense augment) and takes a complementary infinitive, θεραπεῦσαι. Remember that the verb ἐδύναντο is a deponent (with an active meaning in English, and taking middle forms in Greek). The infinitive θεραπεῦσαι is aorist (no augment, because infinitives do not have tense, and therefore do not take augment). The subject ὄχλοι comes after its verb, ἐπίστευσαν. The verb ἐπίστευσαν is aorist past tense (with past tense augment).

11. αἱ ἐξουσίαι αἱ κακαὶ ἤμελλον ἀποκετείνειν τὸν διδάσκαλον τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ φέρειν τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.

The verb ἤμελλον is an imperfect past tense verb (with past tense augment) and it takes two complementary infinitives in this sentence, ἀποκετείνειν and φέρειν. Notice the braided noun phrase, αἱ ἐξουσίαι αἱ κακαὶ.

12. δεῖ τοὺς δούλους ἀπολῦσαι καὶ τὸν θεὸν δοξάζειν, αὕτη γὰρ ἡμέρα εἰρήνης ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ γῇ.

The verb δεῖ takes two complementary infinitives in this sentence, ἀπολῦσαι and δοξάζειν. The infinitive ἀπολῦσαι is an aorist infinitive (without augment, since infinitives do not have tense). The objects δούλους and θεὸν come after their verbs, ἀπολῦσαι and δοξάζειν. The demonstrative αὕτη is used as a pronoun here, with the phrase ἡμέρα εἰρήνης in the predicative (the verb "is" has been omitted, as often in Greek). Note how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

13. οὐκ ἔχω τὸ δῶρον ἱματίων καλῶν, φέρω δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἱερὸν καρδίαν ἀγάπης.

Note how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to join the two statements into a single statement.

14. ὁ θρόνος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ αἱ ψυχαὶ ἁγίων ὑποστρέψουσιν ἐκεῖ.

The verb ὑποστρέψουσιν is a future tense verb.


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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