21.152 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. ἀγαπῶμεν δὲ πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν καὶ πάσας τὰς ἀδελφὰς ἡμῶν καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν ζῆν μὴ ἑαυτοὶς ἀλλὰ τῷ κυρίῳ.

Note the contract verb forms ἀγαπῶμεν and παρακαλοῦμεν, as well as the contract infinitive ζῆν. The verb παρακαλοῦμεν takes a complementary infinitive. The negation of the infinitive requires μὴ (rather than the usual οὐ). Are πάντας and πάσας best translated as "all", "whole" or "every" in this sentence?

2. φοβεῖσθε τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοὺς σταυροῦντας τοὺς ἁγίους προφήτας καὶ διώκοντας τοὺς πιστούς;

Note the contract verb forms φοβεῖσθε and the contract participle σταυροῦντας. Notice the "braided" phrase, τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοὺς σταυροῦντας, with τοὺς ἁγίους προφήτας as the object of the participle σταυροῦντας. The participle διώκοντας also modifies the ἄρχοντας, with πιστούς as the object of this participle.

3. τὰ τέκνα ἐκάλεσαν τὴν μητέρα αὐτῶν καὶ ᾔτησαν ἄρτον παρ' αὐτῆς, αὐτὴ δὲ οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἑτοιμάσαι αὐτόν.

The verb ἠδύνατο takes a complementary infinitive, ἑτοιμάσαι. What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτῶν? What is the antecedent of the pronouns αὐτῆς and αὐτὴ? What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτόν? Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

4. ὁ διδάσκαλός μου ἐλάλει τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς τούτοις, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἤθελον ἀκολουθεῖν αὐτῷ οὐδὲ περιπατεῖν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ πνεύματος.

Note the contract verb form ἐλάλει (imperfect past, with augment) and the contract infinitives ἀκολουθεῖν and περιπατεῖν. The verb ἤθελον takes complementary infinitives, ἀκολουθεῖν and περιπατεῖν. What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτῷ? Note also the demonstrative phrse τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς τούτοις.

5. οἱ τυφλοὶ οὐκ ὁρῶσι τὰ κτισθέντα ὑπὸ θεοῦ, οἱ δὲ ὀφθαλμοὶ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν βλέπουσι τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Note the contract verb form ὁρῶσι. Notice the aorist passive participle κτισθέντα being used as a substantive, with an agent expressed by ὑπὸ. What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτῶν? Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

6. πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες ἐποίησαν ἑαυταῖς καλὰ ἱμάτια, ἀλλὰ πονηροὶ ἄνθρωποι ἔβαλον αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.

Notice the use of the reflexive pronoun ἑαυταῖς. What is the antecedent of this pronoun? What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτὰ? Is πᾶσαι best translated as "all", "whole" or "every" in this sentence?

7. εἰ ζητῶ δοξάζειν ἐμαυτόν, οὔτε πληρώσω τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ οὔτε ποιήσω τὸ ἔργον πνεύματος.

Note the contract verb form ζητῶ which takes a complementary infinitive, δοξάζειν. Notice the use of the reflexive pronoun ἐμαυτόν.

8. ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐκεῖνος ἐλάλει περὶ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ οὐ περὶ τῆς χάριτος θεοῦ. σὺ οὖν οὐκ ἤκουσας αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἠκολούθησας.

Note the contract verb form ἐλάλει (imperfect past, with augment). Notice the use of the reflexive pronoun ἑαυτοῦ. The pronoun σὺ is included for emphasis, since the subject of the verb is already made clear by the verb form itself (ἤκουσας and ἠκολούθησας are second person singular aorist verbs). What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτοῦ? Notice the demonstrative phrase ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐκεῖνος. Notice how the postpositive particle οὖν comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

9. ἐγὼ οὔπω λογίζομαι ἐμαυτὸν πεπληρωκέναι τὸν πάντα νόμον, ζητῶ δὲ ἀγαπᾶν πάντας τοὺς διώκοντάς με.

Note the contract verb form ζητῶ and the contract infinitive ἀγαπᾶν. The pronoun ἐγὼ is used for emphasis (the first person singular subject is already clear from the verb λογίζομαι). Notice the use of the reflexive pronoun ἐμαυτὸν. The verb ἠδύνατο takes a complementary infinitive, πεπληρωκέναι (perfect infinitive from the verb πληρόω), and the verb ζητῶ also takes a complementary infinitive, ἀγαπᾶν. Is πάντα best translated as "all", "whole" or "every" in this sentence? What about πάντας? Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

10. ὁ μὲν ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος ἐγέννησέν με καὶ τὴν ἀδελφήν μου, ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ ζῶμεν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ περιπατοῦμεν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ.

Note the contract verb forms ζῶμεν and περιπατοῦμεν. The pronoun ἡμεῖς is used for emphasis (the first person plural subject is already clear from the verbs ζῶμεν and περιπατοῦμεν). What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτοῦ? Notice the demonstrative phrase ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος. Notice how the postpositive particles μὲν and δὲ come in second position and are used to balance the two statements.

11. ἐδίδαξας ἄλλους φοβεῖσθαι τὸν κύριον· ἐδίδαξας δὲ σεαυτὸν τὸ αὐτὸ ποιεῖν;

12. ὁρᾷ ὁ δοῦλος ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς πλοῖον ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ καλεῖ τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις ἐν αὐτῷ.

Note the contract verb forms ὁρᾷ and καλεῖ. Notice that the subject δοῦλος follows its verb, ὁρᾷ. What is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτῷ?

13. ἡ μήτηρ μου παρεκάλει με καὶ τὴν γυναῖκά μου γεννῆσαι τέκνα, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἔτι ἡτοιμάζομεν ἑαυτούς.

Note the contract verb form παρεκάλει (imperfect past, with augment) which takes a complementary infinitive, γεννῆσαι. The use of the pronoun ἡμεῖς is emphatic (the first person plural subject is already clear from the verb ἡτοιμάζομεν). Notice the use of the reflexive pronoun ἑαυτούς. Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

14. ποιῶν σεαυτῷ θρόνον ἐβούλου ἄρχειν τῆς γῆς, ὁ δὲ ἄγγελος τοῦ θανάτου εἶπεν, Ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ τὴν ψυχήν σου αἰτήσω ἀπὸ σοῦ.

Note the contract participle ποιῶν and the reflexive pronoun σεαυτῷ. The verb ἐβούλου (imperfect middle of the deponent verb βούλομαι) takes a complementary infinitive, ἄρχειν (which takes a genitive object, γῆς). Notice that the object ψυχήνprecedes its verb, αἰτήσω. Notice the demonstrative phrase ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ. Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to join the two statements.

15. σταυρωθέντος τοῦ κυρίου ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν καὶ ἀποθανόντος, ᾐτήσαντο πάντες οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες αὐτῷ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ.

Note the contract participle ἀκολουθοῦντες. The participles σταυρωθέντος and ἀποθανόντος are being used in a genitive absolute, with κυρίου as the subject. The participle σταυρωθέντος is aorist passive, with an agent expressed using ὑπὸ. Notice that the subject ἀκολουθοῦντες (a participle being used substantively) follows its verb, ᾐτήσαντο . What is the antecedent of the pronouns αὐτῷ and αὐτοῦ? Is πάντες best translated as "all", "whole" or "every" in this sentence?