26.189 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἔκραξαν, Κύριε, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς καὶ μὴ πέμψῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς κρίσιν αἰώνιον.

Note the aorist active imperative, second person singular: ἐλέησον (from the verb ἐλεέω), along with the aorist active subjunctive, second person singular, πέμψῃς, used to express a prohibition.

2. εἶπεν ἡ γυνή, Κράτησον ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἄνθρωπον, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἔλαβεν καρπὸν ἐκ τῶν στομάτων τῶν παιδίων μου.

Note the aorist active imperative, second person singular: κράτησον (from the verb κρατέω). The nominative subject γυνή follows its verb, εἶπεν. Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position and is used to coordinate these two statements.

3. μὴ ἐρωτήσητε πῶς δύνανται οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθῆναι· πιστεύσατε καὶ χαίρετε ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ θεοῦ.

Note the aorist active imperative, second person plural: πιστεύσατε and the the present active imperative: χαίρετε, along with the aorist active subjunctive, second person plural, ἐρωτήσητε (from the verb ἐρωτάω) , used to express a prohibition. The word πῶς is used to introduce an indirect question. The nominative subject νεκροὶ follows its verb, δύνανται, which takes a complementary infinitive ἐγερθῆναι (aorist passive).

4. ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν σὸν οἶκον ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, εἶπεν ὁ πονηρὸς βασιλεύς. ἐλθὲ πάλιν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ὅταν ἔχῃς δῶρα προσενέγκαι μοι.

Note the present active imperative, second person singular: ὕπαγε, and the the aorist active imperative: ἐλθὲ. The nominative subject βασιλεύς follows its verb, εἶπεν. The subjunctive ἔχῃς is used with the particle ἂν (ὅὅταν means "when," "whenever," etc. ). The infinitive προσενέγκαι is used to express purpose.

5. οὐ γινώσκομεν πῶς ὁ προφήτης μὴ ἔχων πλοῖον διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆλθεν· ἐπερώτησον αὐτόν, τότε ἐλθὲ ὧδε καὶ εἰπὲ ἡμῖν.

Note the aorist active imperatives, second person singular: ἐπερώτησον, ἐλθὲ, and εἰπὲ. The word πῶς introduces an indirect question.

6. μετανόησον ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων τῶν κακῶν καὶ βάλε τοὺς λόγους τοῦ πνεύματος εἰς τὰ ὦτά σου.

Note the aorist active imperatives, second person singular: μετανόησον and βάλε.

7. μὴ πίνετε οἶνον ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἕως ἄν πέσητε ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν πνεύματι.

Note the present active imperative, second person plural, πίνετε, along with the present middle imperative, πληροῦσθε (from the verb πληρόω). The subjunctive πέσητε (from the verb πίπτω) is used with the particle ἄν (ἕως ἄν means "until").

8. μὴ ἀνοίξῃς τὰ ὦτα σου τοῖς ῥήμασιν τῶν δαιμονίων, ἀλλ' ἐρώτησον τὸν κύριον διδάσκειν σε σοφίαν.

Note the aorist active imperative, second person singular: ἐρώτησον, along with the aorist active subjunctive, ἀνοίξῃς, used to express a prohibition. The verb ἐρώτησον takes an accusative, κύριον, along with a complementary infinitive, διδάσκειν, which in turns takes a double accusative: σε and σοφίαν.

9. μὴ χαίρετε ἐπὶ ταῖς βαιλείαις τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ἀλλὰ δέξασθε τὸ φῶς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κρατήσατε τὴν αἰώνιον ἀλήθειαν.

Note the present active imperative, second person plural, χαίρετε, along with the aorist imperatives: δέξασθε is an aorist middle imperative and κρατήσατε is aorist active. Notice the demonstrative noun phrase, τοῦ κόσμου τούτου.

10. οἱ ἱερεῖς τῆς γῆς ἔστωσαν πιστοὶ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου ἔστω δίκαιος.

Note the third person imperatives: ἔστωσαν is plural and ἔστω is singular (both from the verb εἶναι, "to be"). The adjectives πιστοὶ and δίκαιος are nominative predicates.

11. ἐὰν ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν ᾖ πλήρης ἁμαρτίας, προσεύξασθε τῷ θεῷ, μετανοήσατε, καὶ ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ.

The subjunctive ᾖ (from the verb "to be") is used the particle ἂν (ἐὰν means "if"), and πλήρης is the nominative predicate. Note the aorist imperatives, second person plural: προσεύξασθε is aorist middle and μετανοήσατε is aorist active, along with the present active imperative ὑπάγετε.

12. ἐκεῖναι αἱ γυναῖκες ἐλθέτωσαν ὧδε καὶ βαπτισθήτωσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ διδασκάλου.

Notice the demonstrative noun phrase, κεῖναι αἱ γυναῖκες. Note the third person plural aorist imperatives: ἐλθέτωσαν is aorist active and βαπτισθήτωσαν is aorist passive (with the agent expressed by ὑπὸ).

13. ποιήσατε τὸν καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐλεήσομεν ὑμᾶς, γέγραπται γάρ, Ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν γνώσεσθε αὐτούς.

Note the aorist active imperative, second person plural: ποιήσατε. The verb γέγραπται is perfect passive ("it has been written," "it is written"). Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position and is used to coordinate these two statements. The verb ἐλεήσομεν is a future active and γνώσεσθε is a future middle form.

14. πορεύθητι εἰς τὸν ἀγρὸν καὶ ἐπερώτησον τοὺς δούλους τοὺς ἐργαζομένους ἐκεῖ εἰ τὸ τέλος τοῦ ἔργου ἐγγίζει.

Note the aorist imperatives, second person singular: πορεύθητι is aorist passive (used for the middle of a deponent verb) and ἐπερώτησον is active active (from the verb ἐπερωτάω). The word εἰ introduces an indirect question.