27.197 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. Ποῦ ὑπάγεις, διδάσκαλε, τί διδασκεις καὶ τίς ἀκολουθεῖ σοι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τῆς ἀληθείας;

The word ποῦ introduces a question, as do the interrogative pronouns τί and τίς. The verb ἀκολουθεῖ takes the dative.

2. κηρύσσομεν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐν τούτῳ τῷ κόσμῳ ἱνα εἰδῆτε τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν.

The interrogative pronoun τίς introduces an indirect question. Note the demonstrative noun phrase, τούτῳ τῷ κόσμῳ. The subjunctive εἰδῆτε is introduced by ἱνα (expressing purpose). The noun ἐλπὶς is a nominative predicate.

3. γυνὴ ἥτις ἦν ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ παρεκάλεσε τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτῆς μαρτυρῆσαι περὶ τῆς πίστεως.

Note the use of the indefinite relative pronoun, ἥτις (there is no real way to translate this into English except to say "who"). The verb παρεκάλεσε takes an accusative θυγατέρα plus an infinitive μαρτυρῆσαι.

4. ἰδόντες τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα ὀφείλομεν ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἃ ἐθεωρήσαμεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν.

Note the demonstrative noun phrase, τὰ σημεῖα ταῦτα. The verb ὀφείλομεν takes a complementary infinitive, ἀπαγγεῖλαι. The relative pronoun ἃ agrees is neuter plural accusative. It is in the accusative case because it is the object of ἐθεωρήσαμεν and ἠκούσαμεν. The antecedent is not expressed: "to announce [those things] which..."

5. ἀνήρ τις εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἠρώτησεν, Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τί ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ;

Note the use of the indefinite adjective τις, agreeing with ἀνήρ. The word ποῦ introduces a question, as does the interrogative pronoun τί. The subject υἱὸς follows its verb, ἐστιν. The noun ὄνομα is a nominative predicate.

6. ὁ ἄγγελος τὴς εἰρήνης ἐλεύσεται καὶ λύσει ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκετε.

The relative pronoun ᾗ is feminine singular dative, agreeing with its antecedent ὥρᾳ in gender and number, and also being attracted into the case of the antecedent. The verbs ἐλεύσεται and λύσει are future.

7. οἴδαμεν ὅτι ὅστις λαμβάνει τὸν σὸν οἶνον καὶ πίνει αὐτὸν βληθήσεται εἰς τὴν φυλακήν.

Note the use of the indefinite relative pronoun ὅστις (meaning "whoever"). The verb βληθήσεται is future.

8. τίς οὖν ἔσται ἡμῶν ἡ ἐλπὶς καὶ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως; ἰδοὺ ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἡ δόξα ἡμῶν καὶ ἡ ἐλπίς.

The postpositive particle οὖν always comes in second position. The verb ἔσται is future. Note the use of the interrogative pronoun τίς to ask a question. The nouns ἐλπὶς and δόξα are nominative predicates. The use of the nominative pronoun ὑμεῖς is emphatic, since the subject is already clear from the verb (ἐστε is second person plural).

9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τοῦ νόμου, εἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι ἔστω ὡς παιδίον καὶ ποιείτω ἔργα δικαιοσύνης ἄλλοις.

The verb γέγραπται is perfect ("it has been written," "it is written"). The adjective πρῶτος is a nominative predicate. Note the use of the indefinite pronoun τις. The verbs ἔστω and ποιείτω are both third person singular imperatives.

10. ἀναβαίνοντες ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπεριπατήσαμεν εἰς τὴν κώμην ἵνα ἀγοράσωμεν παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πλοῖα ὅσα εἶχον.

The subjunctive ἀγοράσωμεν is introduced by ἵνα (expressing purpose). The pronoun ὅσα is neuter accusative plural, agreeing with πλοῖα in gender and number, and accusative because it is the object of εἶχον (imperfect past active verb, third person plural).

11. ὄς ἐὰν θέλῃ τὴν ζωὴν εὑρεῖν ἐγγισάτω τῷ θρόνῳ τῆς χάριτος καὶ κραζέτω τῷ ποιήσαντι οὐρανὸν καὶ γῆν.

The relative pronoun ὄς is masculine singular nominative: nominative because it is the subject of θέλῃ and agreeing with the unexpressed subject of ἐγγισάτω and κραζέτω in gender and number. The subjunctive θέλῃ is used the particle ἂν (ἐὰν means "if"). The object ζωὴν precedes its verb, εὑρεῖν (aorist infinitive from the verb εὑρίσκω).

12. ἡ θυγάτηρ σου ἣν ὁ πιστὸς προφήτης ἤγειρεν ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν οἶδε τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ θεοῦ.

The relative pronoun ἣν is feminine singular accusative, agreeing with θυγάτηρ in gender and number, and in the accusative because it is the object of ἤγειρεν.

13. τινὲς ἄνδρες ἐλήλυθαν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν λαλοῦντες πονηρά. ἀλλὰ ὅσα λέγουσι καὶ ὅσα διδάσκουσι μὴ πιστεύσητε, τὰ γὰρ ῥήματα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθῆ.

Note the use of the indefinite adjective τινὲς agreeing with ἄνδρες. The verb ἐλήλυθαν is perfect, third person plural (used for the verb ἕρχομαι). The pronouns ὅσα are neuter plural accusative, serving as the objects of λέγουσι and διδάσκουσι but without an expressed antecedent ("do not believe [those things] however many..."). Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ appears in second position and coordinates these two statements. The adjective ἀληθῆ is a nominative predicate, and the neuter plural subject ῥήματα takes a singular verb, ἔστιν.

14. οἱ τυφλοὶ οὓς ἐθεράπευσεν ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ἐν σαββάτῳ ἐξεβλήθησαν ἔξω ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχουσιῶν.

The relative pronoun οὓς is masculine plural accusative: masculine plural because it agrees with its antecedent τυφλοὶ, and accusative because it is the object of ἐθεράπευσεν. The nominative subject ἀπόστολος follows its verb, ἐθεράπευσεν. The verb ἐξεβλήθησαν is aorist passive, with the agent expressed by ὑπὸ.