32.237 Exercises

1. ἐδεξάμεθα τὴν ἐλιπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας καὶ περιπατοῦμεν ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν.

The deponent verb ἐδεξάμεθα is transitive here, taking a direct object, ἐλιπίδα. The article is used here with the adverb νῦν in a prepositional phrase introduced by ἄχρι.

2. καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν καὶ ἔλεγον πρὸς ἀλλήλους, Τῆς μητρὸς ἡμῶν ἔχομεν χρείαν.

Notice the use of the aorist passive ἐφοβήθησαν instead of the deponent middle. The use of the direct object φόβον with the verb ἐφοβήθησαν is called a "cognate accusative" and is a Hebraic feature commonly found in Biblical Greek. The genitive object, μητρὸς, comes after its verbal phrase, ἔχομεν χρείαν.

3. καὶ εἶπον, Ἰδοὺ θεωρῶ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἠνοιγμένους καὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων.

The subject of the verb εἶπον must be supplied from context ("I said"). The word ἑστῶτα is a perfect active participle, masculine accusative singular.

4. οἱ ποιήσαντες τοιαῦτα οὐκ εἰσελεύσονται τὴν βασιλείαν τῆς αἰωνίου εἰρήνης οὐδὲ ὄψονται τὸ φῶς τῆς σωτηρίας.

Notice that the verb εἰσελεύσονται can take a direct object, βασιλείαν (the English verb of motion, "enter," is also transitive).

5. ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ ἔπεσεν φόβος μέγας ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει. οὐκ ἐδυνάμεθα ιδεῖν τὴν σωτηρίαν ἡμῶν, ἐφύγομεν οὖν εἰς τὰ ὄρη.

Note the use of the demonstrative noun phrase, ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ. The subject φόβος follows its verb, ἔπεσεν. The verb ἐδυνάμεθα takes a complementary infinitive, ιδεῖν. Notice how the postpositive particle οὖν comes in second position and is used to coordinate the two statements.

6. οἰ τοῦ ἀποστόλου ἐπέθηκαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐξήλθομεν κηρύσσοντες ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.

Note the use of the article with the genitive: "the men (who are followers of) the apostle." The verb ἐπέθηκαν is aorist past active, 3rd person plural. Greek often omits the use of the possessive adjective for body parts ( τὰς χεῖρας = "their hands"). The phrase ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός means "day and night."

7. καὶ ἦν ἀνὴρ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ οὗ ἡ δεξιὰ χεὶρ ἦν ἀσθενής, ἀναστὰς δὲ ὁ προφήτης ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ὄχλου ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτήν.

The word οὗ is a relative pronoun, masculine singular (agreeing with its antecedent, ἀνὴρ), and genitive because of its role in the relative clause ("whose"). Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to coordinate the two statements.

8. οὐ χρείαν ἔχετε ἵνα τις διδάσκῃ ὑμᾶς, ὁ γὰρ κύριος αὐτὸς ἐφανέρωσεν ὑμῖν πάντα.

The word ἵνα with the subjunctive verb διδάσκῃ is used to express purpose. The word τις is an indefinite pronoun ("somebody"). Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position, and is used to coordinate the two statements. The word αὐτὸς is being used intensively ("the Lord himself").

9. οἱ μαθηταί μου ὀφείλουσιν εἶναι ὅμοιοι παιδίοις, τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία.

The verb ὀφείλουσιν takes a complementary infinitive, εἶναι. The word ὅμοιοι is a predicate nominative with the verb εἶναι. Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position, and is used to coordinate the two statements. The genitive phrase τῶν τοιούτων is being used predicatively with the verb ἐστὶν (nominative subject βασιλεία follows the verb).

10. οἱ ἰσχυροὶ τῇ πίστει διδάξουσιν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ὅλον τὸ ἔτος καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἐλεύσεται ἀκούειν.

The accusative phrase ὅλον τὸ ἔτος is used to express duration of time. The infinitive ἀκούειν is used to express purpose.

11. τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ ἔτους ὁ γραμματεὺς μὴ δυνάμενος εὑρεῖν τὰ βιβλία αὐτοῦ ἔκραξεν τῇ γυναικί, Μὴ γένοιτο.

The participle δυνάμενος takes a complementary infinitive, εὑρεῖν. The verb γένοιτο is an optative, used regularly in this phrase: μὴ γένοιτο, meaning "let it not be" or "God forbid."

12. γενώμεθα πιστοὶ ἄχρι θανάτου καὶ μὴ ἔχωμεν φόβον τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα.

The verb γενώμεθα is a hortatory subjunctive ("let's..."), with πιστοὶ as its predicate. The verb ἔχωμεν is also a hortatory subjunctive.

13. αἱ γυναῖκες ἐθαύμαζον καὶ ἐπηρώτων ἀλλήλας τίς εἴη οὗτος ὁ τυφλός.

The word τίς is an interrogative pronoun used to introduce an indirect question ("who"). The subjunctive here is used to express their uncertainty about who this person "might" be. Notice the use of the demonstrative noun phrase οὗτος ὁ τυφλός.

14. ἦν καιρὸς ὅτε ἐδοκοῦμεν τὸν θεὸν εἶναι ὅμοιον ἀνθρώπῳ, νῦν δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ θεοῦ πεφανέρωται ἡμῖν.

The subject καιρὸς comes after its verb, ἦν. Note the use of the accusative+infinitive construction (θεὸν εἶναι) for indirect statement ("we thought that God was..."). The word ὅμοιον is a predicate adjective, agreeing with the accusative subject of the infinitive. Notice how the postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position, and is used to coordinate the two statements. The verb πεφανέρωται is a perfect passive form of the verb φανερόω, 3rd person singular ("has been revealed").