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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


13.83 The Third Principal Part

Please make sure you read Croy section 83 carefully.

Way back in Lesson 2, you learned the first principal part of the Greek verb: the present active indicative. This is also the dictionary form of the verb, allowing you to look it up in a dictionary. From the first principal part you were able to form the present tense and also the imperfect past tense.

In Lesson 12, you learned the second principal part of the Greek verb: the future active indicative.

In this lesson, you will learn the third principal part of the Greek verb: the aorist active indicative. This is the most important principal part for reading in Greek. At a minimum, you should absolutely learn the first and third principal part of every Greek verb that you study as vocabulary.

The aorist active indicative can be formed in two different ways. In this lesson, you will learn how the aorist is formed by using a sigma - this is called the sigmatic aorist, or first aorist. You will learn about the second aorist form (or non-sigmatic aorist) in Lesson 14.

You need to understand that a verb almost always has either the first aorist or the second aorist, but not both.

Here is a list of the verbs in Lessons 2-13 that have a sigmatic aorist (first aorist) part. Notice how similar the future and aorist forms are. This is because the future is actually related to the aorist (they are both part of the "aorist system"). When you are dealing with the first aorist, it is generally the same stem as the future, plus augment.

Verbs (Vowel-Initial) Future Aorist Active
ἀκούω ἀκούσω
ἤκουσα
ἄρχω ἄρξω
ἤρξα
ἀνοίγω ἀνοίξω ἤνοιξα
ἑτοιμάζω ἑτοιμάσω
ἡτοίμασα
Verbs (Consonant) Future Aorist Active
βλέπω βλέψω
ἔβλεψα
γράφω γράψω
ἔγραψα
διδάσκω διδάξω ἐδίδαξα
λύω λύσω
ἔλυσα
πιστεύω πιστεύσω
ἐπίστευσα
πέμπω πέμψω
ἔπεμψα
σῴζω σώσω
ἔσωσα
βαπτίζω βαπτίσω
ἐβάπτισα
θεραπεύω θεραπεύσω
ἐθεράπευσα
δέχομαι δέξομαι
ἐδεξάμην
δοξάζω δοξάσω
ἐδόξασα
θαυμάζω θαυμάσω
ἐθαύμασα
κηρύσσω κηρύξω
ἐκήρυξα
κράζω κράξω
ἔκραξα
πείθω πείσω
ἔπεισα
Verbs (Prefixed) Future Aorist Active
ἀπολύω ἀπολύσω ἀπέλυσα
ἐπιστρέφω ἐπιστρέψω
ἐπέστρεψα
ὑποστρέφω ὑποστρέψω
ὑπέστρεψα


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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