16.108 The Sixth Principal Part

In this chapter you will learn the last principal part that you have to memorize, and you will also learn the last of the indicative tenses. So far you have had the present active and present middle/passive, the imperfect past active and imperfect past middle/passive, the aorist past active and middle (but not passive), and the future active and middle (but not passive). Now you will learn the aorist past passive and the future passive. These are both formed using the sixth principal part of the Greek verb.

Deponent verbs get a little confused in the aorist system. As you remember, deponent verbs take middle forms in the present system, with no active forms. In the aorist system, deponent verbs sometimes take middle forms, although they sometimes take the passive form too. There is no difference in meaning - these deponent verbs are still translated with active meanings in English even when they take a passive form in the aorist system. Make sure you read Croy's discussion of this situation in section 108 - but it is not something you have to really worry about it. If you are used to seeing the middle forms of a deponent verb in the present system, don't be surprised to see that same deponent verb sometimes showing up with middle forms in the aorist, and sometimes with passive forms.

The following is a list of verbs for which you now know all the principal parts. Croy lists some of the aorist passives as vocabulary items, and some he lists inside Lesson 16. You need to study all of these aorist passive forms, memorizing them as vocabulary items. You should be familiar with all the principal parts of all of these verbs. There are a few verbs for which you have not yet learned the second principal part (future). These are grayed out in the chart.