23.163 Forms of the Subjunctive

Make sure you look at the paradigms in Croy section 163.

Here are the main points you need to keep in mind about the subjunctive mood:

• the subjunctive exists in the present and aorist systems
• the subjunctive verbs always contain a long vowel connecting the stem to the personal ending (where the indicative has an omicron, the subjunctive has an omega; where the indicative has an epsilon, the subjunctive has an eta)
• the present subjunctive consists of the present active forms and the present middle/passive forms
• the aorist subjunctive consists of the aorist active, aorist middle, and aorist passive forms
• there is no augment used in the aorist (because there is no "past tense" subjunctive)
• the aorist subjunctive uses primary endings, not the secondary endings that you are used to (again, this is because there is not "past tense" subjunctive)
• the aorist passive subjunctive takes active endings (just as you saw the aorist passive indicative take active endings)

Although you will not be required to generate or parse subjunctive verbs on the quizzes, you do need to be able to recognize the use of the subjunctive verbs in the Practice Sentences. The present subjunctive forms are highlighted in green, and the aorist subjunctive forms are highlighted in yellow.

Present Active and Aorist Active - Passive

You use the present stem to form the present active subjunctive. You use the aorist active stem to form the aorist active subjunctive and the aorist passive stem to form the aorist passive subjunctive. The same subjunctive endings are used for the present active, aorist active, and aorist passive subjunctives. The only difference is the stem.

Present Middle/Passive and Aorist Middle

You use the present stem to form the present middle/passive subjunctive. You use the aorist stem to form the aorist middle subjunctive. The same subjunctive endings are used for the present middle/passive and the aorist middle subjunctives. The only difference is the stem.