30.217 Conjugation of ἵστημι

Make sure you read Croy section 217 carefully (although you can safely skip his comments about the perfect forms of ἵστημι since you are not responsible for memorizing any perfect verb forms this semester). Croy provides information about the most commonly found forms of this verb in Biblical Greek, along with some tips to help you recognize which form of the verb you are dealing with.

Remember: the verb ἵστημι, like the English verb "stand," can be either transitive or intransitive. This means that you need to be prepared for ἵστημι to sometimes take a direct object in the accusative. At other times, it will be intransitive and sometimes this intransitive meaning ("standing") will take on a more general metaphorical meaning ("being").

All present system forms of ἵστημι feature the aspirated stem ἵστ-. It is somewhat more difficult to recognize the imperfect forms since the augment is basically invisible (as is often the case for verbs that start with a vowel):

present active: ἵστημι, ἵστης, ἵστησι, ἵσταμεν, ἵστατε, ἵστασι

imperfect active: ἵστην, ἵστης, ἵστη, ἵσταμεν, ἵστατε, ἵστασαν

As already mentioned, ἵστημι has both a first aorist (sigmatic aorist) form and a second aorist form. The first aorist is used with the transitive meaning, and the second aorist is used intransitively. Notice that the epsilon at the beginning of this verb is the usual aorist augment, and it is not aspirated.

first aorist past active: ἔστησα, ἔστησας, ἔστησε, ἐστήσαμεν, ἐστήσατε, ἔστησαν

second aorist past active: ἔστην, ἔστης, ἔστη, ἔστημεν, ἔστητε, ἔστησαν

Make sure you study the forms that Croy provides in this section, as well as the examples he provides of the transitive and intransitive uses of this verb.